Lefutso ke eng? Liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho mefuta e tsa lona

Hoo e ka bang mong le e mong o tseba se lefutso. Tswa ntlha saense lebaka la lefutso - ke bokhoni ba e phelang ho fetisetsa litšobotsi tsa ntshetsopeleng ya le lintho tse khethollang ho bana ba bona. Ngoana ka mong o fetang ho tswa ho batsoali ba hae le mekhoa e itseng semelo sa le litšobotsi tsa ponahalo, e le karabo ea potso ea hore na lefutso. Ho phaella moo, 'mele o khona ho ithuta le ho mofuta oa metabolism le lefu, le litšekamelo. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho DNA (acid e deoxyribonucleic) - boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso.

liphatsa tsa lefutso

Se lefa, esita le tseba ba bangata ba bana ba rōna, empa hore saense ea lefutso - ho liphatsa tsa lefutso, ha mong le e mong ea tsebang.

Mefuta ea liphatsa tsa lefutso

Ha re bua ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa batho, ebe arola hore e be mefuta e latelang:

1. Population. Ba kopanela ho ithuta dithulaganyo liphatsa tsa lefutso ka lihlopha tsa batho hore li etsahala le tlhaloso ea lenyalo, ka tlas'a tšusumetso ea phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso, khetha, ho itšehla thajana, kapa ho falla. O ile a boela o ithuta melao ea sebopeho sa le genotype batho.
2. Skeletal. O 'nile a ithuta itseng, liphatsa tsa lefutso laoloa syntheses skeletal, ha ho sebelisa mekhoa ea kajeno boholo ba Biochemistry (electrophoresis, ho hlahloba, chromatography, joalo-joalo).
3. Cytogenetics. E se e ho ithuta bajari lintho tse bonahalang tse lefutso, ke hore ho ithuta chromosomes, mosebetsi bona le sebopeho.
4. Immunogenetics. Le se emelang tsoa ka lebaka la ho thehoa ha makgetheng ngata immunological. Ha e le hantle e antigens tsa leukocytes le erythrocytes, protheine ea serum mali.

Mefuta ea lefutso

Ho fihlela joale, mefuta e oa lefa la tse latelang:

1. Nyutlelie. E amana le litšobotsi phetiso (lefa) tse ka chromosomes khubu. lebitso la hae ea bobeli - chromosome.

Mekgwatiriso thaepa lefutso tsa nyutlelie:

• Lefa la e autosomal recessive seoelo (ha ho e mong le e isa molokong o mong). Le tšobotsi ena ea batsoali ka bobeli ea ho bana ba bona, haholo, e ke ke ea qojoa. Ho ka boetse ha e-ba bana ba batsoali ba sa na le makgetha a ho joalo;
• autosomal ka sehloohong le hlaha mong le o mong o mong. Moo ho na le bopaki ka bonyane e mong oa batsoali ba ngoana eo, hape, ba tla ba le lona;
• golandricheskoe (o kgaotsweng dikarolwana le Y - chromosome) ke e motona le litšobotsi tse feela le tloaelehileng le sebelisoang malapeng. E fetisoa ka mola e motona;
• le recessive X - chromosome ke ka seoelo. Basali ba ka feela ba ketsahalo eo le bontšang ona o tsoa ho ntate oa hae;
• ka sehloohong le X - chromosome ka basali ka makhetlo a 2 khafetsa.

2. Cytoplasmic. E fumanoa ka ho bapisa liphello tsa lifapano tse fapa-fapaneng karabo ya go arola.

Lefutso le tikoloho

Boemong bo tšoanang, batho ba tla itšoara ka tsela e fapaneng. Ha e le hantle A ngotsoe ke lefutso. Empa le hoja ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka bophelo ba motho e le ho ntshetsopele, tikoloho, haholo, ho na le phapang ntle e khōlō. Ho qetela sebopeho sa motho eo e itšetlehile ka kelello le ho fana ka koetliso meleng motho eo. Lefutso le tikoloho e kamehla amana. Tikoloho e tšoanelang, e khōlō le monyetla oa ho ngoana e ba ho hōlisa motho e amohelehileng, esita le haeba e le lefa liphatsa tsa lefutso ke mafutsana. Joale, ho araba potso e reng: "lefutso ke eng", o ka tlisa motho e hlollang.