Kholo le tse nyenyane didikadikwe ea ajoa mali: sekemeng

Ka liphoofolo tse anyesang le batho tsamaiso e khopo ho potoloha ha mali ke rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa. Ke tsamaiso ea koetsoeng e entsoeng ka ajoa tse peli. Ho Fana ka mofuthu-sehloho,, ke energetically ho feta e ntle le e lumella motho hore a lula hore tsoane tikoloho eo ho eona ho ke hona joale.

tsamaiso ea ho potoloha ha mali - sehlopha sa sekoti mesifa lekala le boikarabelo ba ho ajoa mali ka lijana tsa 'mele. E emeloang ke pelo 'me methapo ea mali ea caliber fapaneng. Ena ke lekala mesifa hore e bopa e selika-likoe sa ajoa mali. leqheka la bona e sisintsweng ho tsohle libuka ka human anatomy le o ile a hlalosa mona.

Khopolo ea didikadikwe ajoa

Tsamaiso ea ho potoloha ha mali e na le didikadikwe tse peli - e tiileng (kgolo) 'me matšoafo (nyenyane). Pota tsamaiso ho potoloha ha mali ea methapo ea mali e bitsoa, capillary, lymphatic le venous-mofuta, eo jarelang phallo ea mali ho tsoa pelong ka lijaneng 'me mokhatlo oa lona ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng. E bohareng ajoa mali 'mele ke pelo, hobane ha ho na ho tsoaka ba ea bohlokoa le ho venous ajoa mali, lifapano tse peli.

systemic ajoa

The ajoa systemic ke tsamaiso eo ea ho fana ka lisele pheriferale ea bohlokoa ea mali 'me ba khutle lona ka ho teba. E qala ho tswa ho ventricle letšehali moo mali tsoela ka aorta le ka bose aortic le belofo tricuspid. Mali aortic e tobisitsoe ho methapo e nyenyane le corporal tluoa tabeng ea ho methapong. Ena sete ya 'mele eaba ba etsa le kgokahanyo sephetho.

Mona dinama tse nyenyane tse fuoa oksijene, 'me lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li hapa carbon dioxide. Hape ka dinama tse nyenyane tse ea mali tsamaisa amino acid, lipoproteins, tsoekere, lihlahisoa tshilong ya dijo di etsoa ea methapong le venules ka ho eketsehileng ka methapong kholoanyane. Ba oela ka methapong sekoti hore ba khutlele mali ka ho toba ka ho teba ka atrium letona.

Letona atrium fella ka ajoa. Sekemeng e tjena (ka nģa ea ajoa mali): letšehali ventricle, ho aorta, le methapo rekere, rekere, mesifa methapo mesifa methapo, arterioles, methapong, venules, methapong le vena cava, mali a khutlela pelo ka atrium letona. Ho tswa ho ajoa systemic fepa boko, letlalo kaofela, masapo. Ka kakaretso, lisele tse 'ohle a batho a fepa ka methapo ea mali ea ajoa systemic,' me ke feela letheba se senyenyane sa oxygenation mali.

methapo ajoa

Methapo (nyenyane) ajoa, eo sekemeng e bontšitsoeng tlaase mona, e qala ho tswa ho ventricle letona. Ho fumana mali ho tswa ho atrium nepahetseng ka bose atrioventricular. Ho tswa ho ventricle nepahetseng anoxic (venous) mali ka sehokelo (methapo) pampitšana kena kutu methapo. mothapo Sena ke thinner aorta. E e arotsoe makala a mabeli, tse romeloa ho matšoafong a mabeli.

Khanya - ke 'mele bohareng hore bopa le selikalikoe se senyenyane sa ajoa mali. monna sekemeng hlalosoa ka libuka ka kaheho ea, o hlalosa hore le methapo ea mali phallo ke ho hlokahala hore ho oxygenation mali. Mona e fana ka monyang carbon dioxide le oksijene. The methapong sinusoidal ea matšoafo a ka 'mele atypical tse ka bang 30 microns le bophara ba' me a ke khase phapanyetsano.

Ka mor'a moo, mali, oxygenated, e romeloa ho tsamaiso ea methapong intrapulmonary le bokella ka methapong a mane methapo. Kaofela ha bona ba khomaretse ho atrium letšehali le ho tswela pele ka mali oksijene e ngata. Eaba qetellong, 'me ho ajoa. Sekemeng methapo ponahalo nyane lesakaneng (ka nģa ea phallo ea mali): ho ventricle nepahetseng, mothapo methapo, mothapo intrapulmonary, arterioles methapo, sinusoid methapo, venules, mothapo methapo, letšehali atrium.

Features ea tsamaiso ho potoloha ha mali

Tšobotsi ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ho potoloha ha mali hore e na le discs tse peli, ke hore ho hlokahala hore pelo le lik'hamera tse peli kapa ho feta. The ajoa tlhapi feela, hobane ba na le leseli, le kaofela khase phapanyetsano le hlaha ka lijana tsa gills le. Ka lebaka leo, tlhapi-pelo kamoreng le 'ngoe - pompo e sutumetsa mali ka tsela e' ngoe feela.

Sehahabi le lihahabi na tsamaiso ea ho hema 'me, ka lebaka leo, le systemic ajoa. Leqheka la ho sebetsa tsa bona ke e bonolo: ho tswa methapo ea mali ventricular lebisoa ho selika-likoe le leholo la methapo - ka methapong le methapong. Venous khutla ka ho teba e le tsona kenngwa tshebetsong, empa le letona atrial mali kena kakaretso bakeng sa makga pedi ajoa ventricle. Hobane pelo ea liphoofolo tsena, ba bararo-lekareche, mali a didikadikwe e 'meli (venous le ea bohlokoa) e tsoakiloeng.

Bathong (le liphoofolo tse anyesang) ke pelo ea sebopeho 4-kamoreng. Tse pedi atrial le tse peli ventricular arotsoe Ho doors, partitions. Tlhokeho ya ho kopanya mefuta e 'meli ea mali (ea bohlokoa le venous) e ne e le seqhenqha ho iphetola ha lintho ho qaptjoa, e leng e fana ka mofuthu-sehloho, liphoofolo tse anyesang.

Phepelo ea mali ho pelo le matšoafo

Tsamaisong ea ho potoloha ha mali, e leng e na le didikadikwe a mabeli, le ea bohlokoa ka ho khetheha ke matla a pelo le matšoafo. Sena ke makala a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tse fanang ka itšehla thajana maling le botšepehi ba litsamaiso matšoafo le ho potoloha ha mali. Ho joalo, ka matšoafo a hae na tse peli motenya ajoa. Empa lesela feptjoang ka lebaka la mefuta e fapaneng e khōlō ea lijana, ho tloha aorta le methapo ea Lekala theoha ho tloha hilar lijana bronchial le methapo jereng mali ho ea matšoafo parenchyma. Le ho tswa ho mafapha le tokelo sitoa ho ja 'mele, le hoja tse ling tsa oksijene le diffuses ho tloha moo. Kahoo, didikadikwe kholo le tse nyenyane ajoa oa potoloho eo e hlalositsoeng ka holimo, mesebetsi e fapaneng (e mong ka tsela e matlafatsang mali le oksijene, 'me o romela ho' mele oa bobeli, a nka mali a deoxygenated ho bona).

Pelo le vascular tsamaisoa ke selika-likoe se seholo, empa sebakeng cavities lona khonang ho ho fana ka mali oksijene endocardium. Karolong ena ea methapong myocardial, ka go tlhaolega tse nyenyane, ho phalla ka ho toba ka likamore pelo. Hoa hlokomeleha hore le pulse length tsokoang ka methapo gogoga aba ka diastole cardiac. Hobane lekala fuoa mali feela ha "phomotse".

ho thahasellisang

Didikadikwe batho ajoa oa potoloho eo e emeloang dikarolong tse fapaneng ka holimo, ho fana ka le liphoofolo tse anyesang, le phahameng mamello. A re ke motho eo ha a liphoofolo, tseo hangata li sebelisa matla a hae ho pholoha, empa ba bang kaofela ea liphoofolo tse anyesang le e lumelloa ho lula habitats itseng. Nakong e fetileng, ba ne ba fumanehe sehahabi le lihahabi, le litlhapi le ho feta.

Ka phylogeny ea selika-likoe se seholo e hlaha pejana, 'me e ne e le tšobotsi ea litlhapi. A lesakaneng nyane eketswa e le liphoofolo feela ba tse feletseng kapa ka ho feletseng entse landfall le lona rarolloa. Ho tloha ka thehoa feela lona, tsamaiso ea ho hema le ho ajoa ka likopi mali li nkoa 'moho. Di amanang ka tshebediso le structurally.

Sena ke ea bohlokoa 'me se a ntse a ke keng ea senyeha ho iphetola ha lintho ho lokolloa mochine oa habitats metsing naha le ho fedisa. Hobane ho rarahana ho tsoela pele ba 'mele mammalian hona joale o se ke ua tsamaea ka tsela ea complication ea tsamaiso matšoafo le ho potoloha ha mali,' me tataiso ea leruo la ho se ea oxygen- tsamaisa mosebetsi oa mali le ho eketseha sebakeng matšoafo.