Energy khase turbines. turbines Cycle khase

turbine khase dimela (GTP) etsa le le leng, e batlang e diseke ee eneji, le rarahaneng, ao ho 'ona ho di behuwe ka bobedi mosebetsi matla turbine le jenereithara. tsamaiso ea ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka thoeng tlase matla. Great bakeng sa matla le mocheso phepelo ea likhoebo tse khōlō, libakeng tse hōle le bareki ba bang. Ka tloaelo ho, khase turbine sebetsa ka mafura mokelikeli kapa khase.

Cutting-Edge

Bokgoni ba matla ho fehla motlakase bokgoni ba ea isang karolo ea tsoela ho khase turbine dimela le ho iphetola ha lintho tsa bona morago ga moo e - ho kopantswe potoloho khase turbine (CCGT). Kahoo, dimela matla US tloha bo-1990 pele ho nako, ho feta 60% ya input le sebjalebjale libaka tsa se etsa turbines khase le CCGT, 'me linaheng tse ling kabelo ea bona e ile ea fihla 90% ka lilemo tse itseng.

A palo e kholo hape haha khase turbine bonolo. Khase turbine dimela - mobile, litšenyehelo ho sebetsa le ho le bonolo ho lokisa - e ne e le tharollo e molemohali ea ho koahela mejaro tlhōrō. Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-(1999-2000) bokhoni kakaretso ea turbines khase fihlile 120.000 MW. Bakeng sa papiso, ea lilemo tse 80 le bokgoni kakaretso ea mofuta ona ea tsamaiso e ne e le 8000-10 000 MW. A karolo ea bohlokoa ea turbine khase (60%) o ne a rerile ho sebetsa ka kgolo binary dimela hlakanywa-potoloho ea nang le bokgoni karolelano ea ka 350 MW.

lesedi tsa histori

Motheong mogopolofela bakeng sa tshebediso ya theknoloji e ho kopantswe-potoloho ba 'nile ba ithuta ho ba bang ba dintlha tse ka hare ho naha ea rona ea pele ea 60s'. Se ka nako eo ho ile ha hlaka hore tsela e akaretsang ea ho hōla ea tsamaiso matla e amanang le thekenoloji kopantswe potoloho. Leha ho le joalo, ho kenya tshebetsong bona le atlehileng. ne ho hlokahala turbines ka tšeptjoang le bo phahameng tshebetso khase.

Ke tsoela pele mohlomong tsejoa morao-rao khase turbine matla tsamaiso ya boleng hlasimolohe. ba bangata ba lik'hamphani tsoang linaheng tse ling li atlehile ho rarolla le bothata ba ho bōpa e sebetsang hantle ema turbines khase nakong eo ka eona hlooho e ruuoang mekhatlo ea etellang pele ka maemo a moruo taelo ea kopanela ntshetsopele ya bonyane e tsoetseng pele turbine mouoane thekenoloji (PTU).

Ha 60s ka bokgoni ba ho dimela khase turbine ema 24-32%, ka molemo ka ho fetisisa turbines bofelong ba 80 ba eneji ee ema khase se ne bokgoni (bakeng sa tšebeliso standalone) 36-37%. Sena se lumella ho bopa motheong oa PGU bao bokgoni ne 50%. Ke mathoasong a lekholo le lecha, palo eo e ne e le 40%, 'me hammoho le potoloho ea ikopantseng -' me ka 60%.

Papiso ea mouoane-turbine le ho kopantswe-potoloho ea limela

The ho kopantswe potoloho dimela e thehiloeng turbines khase, le haufi le tebello ea sebele e ne e le ho fumana 65% bokgoni kapa ho feta. Ka nako e tšoanang bakeng sa diyuniti turbine mouoane (ntshetswa pele ka USSR), feela tabeng ea tharollo katleho maloa a mathata a rarahaneng tsa saense tse amanang le ho isa molokong o mong le ho sebelisoa ha entsprechen supercritical mouoane, o ka itšetleha ka bokgoni ba ho sa feteng 46-49%. Kahoo, ka bokgoni ba ho mouoane turbine kopantswe oona tsamaisong potoloho nyahamisang lahlehelang.

Taba ea bohlokoa ke tlaasana ho Steam-turbine matla dimela e le theko e le nako ea ho haha. Ka 2005, ho lefatše eneji, le 'maraka, theko ea 1 KW ho 200 MW CCGT le fetang e ne e $ 500-600 / KW. Bakeng sa PSU bokgoni boleng nyenyane e ne e ka mefuta e fapaneng ya 600-900 $ / KW. E matla khase turbines tsamaisana $ 200-250 / KW. Le fokotseha ka bokgoni unit trust eketseha theko, empa ha hangata ho feta $ 500 / KW. makgabane tsena ke karoloana ea theko ea kilowatt ea litsamaiso matla mouoane turbine. Ka mohlala, theko ka ho ya ka kilowatt hlomamisa ka condensing dimela matla turbine mouoane ranges ho tloha $ 2000-3000 / KW.

Leqheka la khase turbine dimela

The dimela kenyelletsa ditokiseletso diyuniti tse tharo tsa motheo: ka khase turbine combustor le konpresser moea. Le diyuniti tsohle di kenngoa ka sephutheloana prefabricated le 'ngoe. The rotors tsa konpresser le turbine li amana mong ho e mong rigidly, phomotse ka dibering.

Na o ile a lokisetsa ho pota ka kamoreng go tuka ga molelo tsa konpresser (mohlala, 14 likhomphutha.), Mong le e mong ka matlo a lona ka thoko. Bakeng sa kenoa ho lesoba konpresser moea ke ho tswa ho khase turbine pholoha joang moeeng ka oksoso. Thehiloeng e matla khase turbine kenapa le litšehetso, tse behoa symmetrically ka le foreimi e 'ngoe.

Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa

Ka ho fetisisa ditlhomo khase turbine sebelisa e tsoelang pele combustion e molao-motheo kapa potoloho bulehileng:

• Qalong, sebetsa mokelikeli (moea) e pumped ka tlas'a sepakapaka khatello e fapaneng konpresser.
• Ka mor'a moo, moea o a petetswa khatellong e hodimo le romeloa ho kamoreng go tuka ga molelo.
• E fuoa mafura e chesetsoa ka khatello ea kamehla, ho etsa bonnete ba ka phepelo e sa khaotseng ea mocheso. Ka lebaka combustion e ea mafura le ho eketsa mocheso ea 'mele ho sebetsa.
• Ho feta moo, mokelikeli ho sebetsa (eo hona joale ke khase e leng motsoako oa moea le combustion e products) phallang ho turbine khase moo ho atolosa khatellong sepakapakeng, o etsa mosebetsi oa e metle (fellang kateng turbine le, e etsang matla a motlakase).
• Mora turbine khase e lokolloa sepakapakeng eo ka eona le boikarabelo ba potoloho le koala.
• Phapang pakeng tsa turbine le konpresser e bone e jenereithara ea motlakase o ile a lokisetsa ka theko tloaelehile hore batho ba le turbine le konpresser.

Loketse combustion e hill

Ho fapana le leqheka la fetileng hahang, di-valve tse peli li sebelisoa dimela combustion e discontinuous sebakeng sa e mong.

• konpresser le lipompo moea ka kamoreng combustion e ka tsela e phunyang pele ha belofo bobeli e koaloa.
• Ha khatello ea hlaha ka ka kamoreng e combustion e, e phunyang pele e koetsoe. Moqolo oa kamore e koaloa.
• Ha koaloa ka tlhaho-valve chesa mafura ka kamoreng e, combustion e lona nka sebaka ka bophahamo ba modumo ea kamehla. Ka lebaka leo, e sebetsa mokelikeli khatello ea e ka ho eketsehileng e ile ea eketseha.
• Ka mor'a moo, belofo bobeli e ile a bula le mokelikeli sebetsa e fuoa turbine le khase. Khatello nyolosa ba turbine li tla butle-butle tsa fokotswa. Ha e le haufi le khatello ea sepakapaka, e phunyang bobeli ba lokela ho koaloa, 'me pele ho bula le ho pheta mehato.

turbines Cycle khase

Retelehela ho ho hlokomela sebetsang oa potoloho ka thermodynamic, bayemi lokela ho sebetsana le e ngata ditshita tse hlōloa botekgeniki. Ka mohlala ho fetisisa tloaelehileng: le mouoane mongobo ho feta 8-12% ba tahlehelo ka karolo ea phallo ea turbine mouoane eketseha sharply, eketsa mejaro ea matla, khoholeho ea mobu le hlaha. Sena se ile sa qetella se isang ho felisoeng ha ea phallo le karolo ea turbine ena.

Ka lebaka la mefokolo ea tsena ka matla (bakeng sa mosebetsi) di ho pharaletseng sebediswa ho fihlela joale e 'meli feela ea motheo thermodynamic potoloho: potoloho Rankine le Brayton potoloho. The boholo ba dimela matla e thehiloeng motsoako oa likarolo tsa lipotoloho tsena.

Potoloho Rankine e sebediswa bakeng sa metsi a mangata ho sebetsa, e leng nakong ea potoloho hlokomela etsa mohato phetoho tlas'a joalo sebetsa potoloho matla mouoane semela. Bakeng sa 'mele ho sebetsa, eo a ke ke a le le khutsufalitsoeng lefatšeng la sebele,' me e re bitsa likhase sebediswa Brayton potoloho. Ho ea ka potoloho ena sebetsa turbines khase le dienjini combustion e ka hare dienjini.

The peterole sebediswa

Boholo ba batho ba turbines khase li etselitsoe ho sebetsa ka khase ea tlhaho. Ka linako tse ling e le mafura mokelikeli e sebelisoa ka tsamaiso ea tlaase-e leng matla (bonyane - ka karolelano, ke ka seoelo haholo - bokgoni kgolo). A mokhoa o mocha oa phetoho fetoha diseke ee khase tsamaiso ea turbine sebelisa tuki tiileng (mashala, lehong le peat tlaase ho moo). mekhoa tsena li amahanngoa le 'nete ea hore tshebetso khase ke ea bohlokoa e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa ho indasteri lik'hemik'hale, e sebelisa, hangata ho feta e ka bolokang tjhelete ho feta ka matla. Tlhahiso ea turbines khase e ka sebetsa ka katleho ka mafura a tiileng, e re fumane botsitso.

DIC fapana le GTU

Phapang e ka sehloohong ea dienjini hare combustion e le litsamaiso tsa khase turbine e tjena. The ka hare combustion e enjene tshebetso ya ho compression ea moea, combustion e le katoloso ea lihlahisoa combustion etsahala ka hare ho e le 'ngoe elements mehaho, o ile a re ka silindara engine. GTU le thulaganyo tsena li tsoela pele ho arohaneng nodes mehaho:

• compression o etsoa ka konpresser ea;
• combustion e, ka ho latellana, ka kamoreng e khethehileng;
• atolosa lihlahisoa combustion e e etsoa turbine le khase.

Ka lebaka la hahang khase turbines le ka hare combustion e enjene e nyenyane ka tsela e tšoanang, le hoja mosebetsi oa ka ka tsela e tšoanang thermodynamic lipotoloho.

bofello

Le ntshetsopele ya tlaase matla, e ntseng e eketseha bokgoni lona tsa turbines khase le tsamaiso ea mosebetsi oa matsoho koahela kopanela eketseha tsamaisong eneji, le ka kakaretso lefatšeng. Ka lebaka leo, ka ho eketsehileng ya tlhokeho hlamatsehang machinist khase turbines. Latelang balekane ba Bophirimela 'maloa ba bahlahisi Russia ba tseba ho hlahisa e ka bolokang tjhelete turbine ditlhomo mofuta. Pele hlakanywa potoloho matla dimela tsa moloko o mocha ka Federation Russia fetohileng North-West Thermal Power Plant St. Petersburg.