"Elbrus" - lab Russia. Tobileng le histori ea

Ho tloha thehoa feela ea lik'homphieutha naheng ya rona, moralo oa tsamaiso ea phahameng tshebetso e nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea maikemisetso bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea saense ea sechaba. Ho tloha ka 90s ea ho ithuta ba ne ba amana le boemo bo feletseng e ncha - hore ho hlokahala hore ho kenya tshebetsong ntshetsopeleng e ncha ka lebaka la microprocessors Serussia. lebaka le ileng ba bōptjoa "Elbrus" - lab, ka matla a lona go dirisiwang dikhomphiutha hase tlaasana ho dikai molemo ka ho fetisisa linaheng tse ling.

History ea pōpo

Hona joale, feela linaheng tse 'maloa lefatšeng ka bophara ba ho qapa lik'homphieutha le microprocessor ya moralo ea eona e - ka United States, Brithani, Japane le China. Ho totobetse hore ka hare ho sireletsehile 'me a bohlokoa tloswa Russia hape hloka lab hore ho lekane ho kopana ditlhoko tsa mabotho a hlometseng, mekhatlo coercion molao, taolo le thuto. A khoneha - le thekiso ya sehlahiswa. Ka mor'a lilemo tse mashome tsa mosebetsi o mafolofolo tsa bo-rasaense le baenjiniere ba Moscow Center tlhase-Technology (MCST) ha a lihlong ho hlahisa ntshetsopeleng morao-rao tsa lilemo tse 2014-15: robeli-lab "Elbrus 8c". Empa pele ho ketsahalo eo ea bohlokoa e se e fetile ka tsela e telele ea dipalelo mogopolofela le ho etsa lipatlisiso tse sebetsang.

Ka USSR bohlokwa ikhethang ntshetsopele ya lik'homphieutha ho re na le mosebetsi o seakatemiki S. A. Lebedeva. sehlopha sa tataisoe ke mo ka Academy of Sciences oa Mokhatlo oa sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng tse nyenyenyane le Technology Computer (ITM le VT) li ile tsa bōptjoa ke mechine ea elektronike dikhomphiutha (lik'homphieutha) dikai lesometlhano - ho tloha tube pele ho mechine e phahameng-lebelo kopantswe potoloho.

"Elbrus-1"

Khopolo ea meleng e ka meralo, o ile akarelelitsoeng ho ka Serussia lab "Elbrus", o ile a hlaha ka 1969. The le lebaka la ho ntshetsopeleng e ne e le hore ho hlokahala "intellectualization" ea litsamaiso mosolotogamaano. Ea e-ba moqapi sehloohong VS Burtsev, eo e leng setsebi e ikhethang litabeng tsa saense k'homphieutha, hamorao academician.

Ka 1979, ITM le VT boemo buseletse a emeloa ke moloko oa pele oa multiprocessor dikhomphiutha rarahaneng "Elbrus" (IAC). lab The ne a etselitsoe thehiloeng TTL-sea utloahala kapa che. tsamaiso ea sebelisoa ka indasteri armaments.

"Elbrus-2"

moloko oa bobeli oa MVK "Elbrus" Ka mor'a lilemo tse tšeletseng, ka katleho fetile teko. The lab le motjha elements botlaaseng ne ntshetsopeleng ea sechaba ka ho feletseng. tsamaiso e ne e thehiloe phahameng-lebelo le lipotoloho setshehetso sa le emitter-hammoho mabaka edy-100 letoto la lihlooho. Performance "Elbrus-2" ka desyatiprotsessornoy phetolo e ne e 125 Mill. Per bobeli.

ERM e ile ea hahoa ka feshene modular le eketseha tšepahala. Ka lebaka la lebelo le mamello ya e rarahaneng le e ne e sebelisoa ka lilemo tse ngata libaka tsa senotlolo sa tsamaiso ea mosolotogamaano. E ikhethang bakeng sa litšobotsi tse lona nako fihlellwa kenngwa tshebetsong ERM le ntshetsopele ya palo ya mehopolo e tsoetseng pele ka mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa tshebetso dikhomphuitha.

"Elbrus-3"

Mokhahlelo latelang (1986-1994) e ne e le ho bōptjoa moloko oa boraro oa MVK "Elbrus". The lab ke hona joale esita le matla le ho feta ya elektroniki dikarolo - e phethahetseng haholo. mookameli Project khethiloeng ngollana setho sa Academy of Sciences B. A. Babayana. Ka tsela eo, o ile a fana ka menehelo ea bohlokoa khōlong ea MVK "Elbrus-1" le "Elbrus-2".

Lekola le melemo le mathata afe bona tse tsoetseng pele le mehaho superscalar sebediswa ho isa molokong o mong oa bobeli oa ERM e, Boris Artashesovich sisintsweng e ho kenya tshebetsong e tsoetseng pele ho feta tsa khopolo ea lentsoe lohle amohele taeo. Pele ho putlama ha Soviet sa litsebi khona ho bokana ka mochine empa ditjhelete jwalo ka ba boholong le lecha khaotsa.

Contemporary

The ntšetsa pele moleng 'project' ena e amana le mosebetsi oa ZAO MCST. Ka sebopeho sa eona, pele mikroelektronschiki malapeng etsang Bet motheo ka ho sebelisa theknoloji ea microprocessor, ile a qala ho etsa tse peli letoto la microprocessors le litsamaiso ya khomphuta ya hao e thehiloeng ho tsona. mesebetsi ena di ka nako eo o ile a thusa ho theha e matla Russia lab "Elbrus" 2014 ho lokolloa.

Project motheo oa letoto la lihlooho tse la pele e ne e le bulehileng mehaho Scalable lab Architecture (SPARC), The boletsweng ke Sun Microsystems. Processors «R» lelapa li bōpiloe thehiloeng ho eona.

Motheong oa letoto la lihlooho tse ea bobeli e ne e le mehaho ea pele ea "Elbrus", ho ntshetsa pele melao-motheo e 'nile ba amohelehang le behiloeng ka IAC-3 (qalong e ne e bitsoa "mehaho E2k»). Ho na le ba ne ba bōpiloe mefuta e mene tsa motheo tsa processors. Kahoo, "Elbrus" (CPU): papiso ea dikai e fanoa ka tafole e ka tlaase.

"ELBRUS-4c"

E 'ngoe ea morao-rao le atlehileng. ntshetsopeleng ya khampani e ne e le MCST lab "Elbrus-4c." mehaho lona o thehiloe moralo pele, e ile ea e-botlaaseng ho microarchitecture VLIW. Bakeng sa manolotsoeng tshebetsong le boikarabelo ba 4 cores 800 MHz, lefaru memoring ya 2 MB ka e mong le e konokono.

Ho sa tsotellehe archaism totobala ya ka dipehelo tsa tlhahiso ea thekenoloji (kgolo, maqhubu nyane, thulaganyo thekenoloji "ea tse lekholo tse fetileng" 65 NM), e ea elektronike bokgoni sesebediswa e tšoana le Intel letoto la lihlooho tse "kea". Le tlase tshebediso ya matla (45W) tshebetso lona ke ho fihlela ho 50 Gflops. Bakeng sa papiso, ba baholo ea mohlala e Intel Core i7-975 Extreme Edition na le bokgoni ba 53 Gflops ka maqhubu a phahame haholo le tshebediso ya matla. Ena ea kajeno Russia lab "Elbrus" 2014 ea mohlala selemo ile beha teko 'me ba tla tsoa ka letoto la lihlooho tse.

"Elbrus-8C"

Ho bonahala eka nakong ea ho iphetola ha lintho e ne e felile, e ne e le mathoasong a la katleho e kholo Revolutionary bakeng microelectronics ruuoang. ZAO "MCST" hammoho le Institute of Electronic Control mechine e ntshetswa pele 'me le hlahisa moloko o mocha oa merero boenjiniere le sehlahisoa. Bakeng sa tlhahiso ea liindasteri tsa lokisetsa lab "Elbrus 8c 'bōpileng ka 28-nanometer thulaganyou e theknoloji.

sesebediswa tla sebetsa ka tandem le molaoli eo le ntshetsopele ea sechaba KPI-2. Leha ho molaoli eo ho fihlela a lokolloa ka 65 NM thulaganyou e thekenoloji, ho tšehetsa tharo Gigabit Ethernet marangrang molaoli eo, 20 mela PCI-Express bese 2.0, robeli 2.0 ya USB-likoung, robeli SATA-likoung. Ho buisana le lab ke 16 GB / s.

litšobotsi tse botekgeniki

Manufacturer senotse litšobotsi tsa sehlooho tsa "Elbrus" tsamaiso e ncha:

• Lab - 8 cores ntle gipertredinga.
• Crystal boholo - 350 limilimithara ^2.
• Ea bobeli-boemo ba lefaru bakeng sa e mong le e konokono - 512 kV.
• ea boraro-boemo ba lefaru tloaelehile - 16 MB.
• Bolaoa ka potoloho - 30 tshebetso.
• Oache maqhubu - 1.3 GHz, ha entsprechen tsena tse Guaranteed sitisoe ke letho tšebetso ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie nako tsohle a sa lekanyetsoang, ba etsang liphesente tse le haeba lekholo boima.
• Performance (Peak) - 250 Gflops.
• Matla a - 60-90 Watts.
• License ho ipusa ntle ho Intel, ha ho etsa bonnete ba tšehetso bakeng sa tsamaiso ea ho sebelisa mehaho e meholo le x86 / mehaho x86-64.

Joalokaha u ka bona, le Serussia lab "Elbrus" moloko morao-rao ea ho fihlela ho ka makhetlo a mahlano e behang ho feta e 4C mohlala.

mehaho

E le lebaka bohlokoa ba k'hamphani eo ZAO MCST ntshetswa pele ea mehaho ea pele ea ho microprocessor "Elbrus". lab The o ikemiseditse ho maximizing mehlodi ya hardware bakeng sa ya data metrics tshebetso. Ka tlhophiso kakaretso ke ha dihlopha tsa mehaho, ho sebelisa molao-motheo oa mefuta e thupelo ea lentsoe VLIW (Large haholo Thupelo Word), le mokelli etsa chelete bakeng sa e tšoanang le ho phetha tatelano ea lihlopha (mantsoe a ka bophara taeo e), eo ho eona ho na dependencies pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa ka hara sehlopha le ho itšetleha fokotsa pakeng tsa lihlopha ka lihlopha tse fapaneng.

Kahoo, Russia lab "Elbrus" haholo sebedisa parallelism ka boemo ba tshebetso se teng ka khoutu lenaneo. Phello ke e kholo meralo le lebelo ka ho lokolloa ha mesebetsi parallelization sethusathuto tlholeho superscalar meaho le fetisetsa bona go lekanyetsa mokelli. Sena se entse hore le litšobotsi tse ling tsa bohlokoa ka tlhaho "Elbrus" mehaho - tlaase tshebediso ya matla disebedisweng tse ding.

Hammoho le tšebeliso e atlehang ea parallelism ka mehaho ea tshebetso "Elbrus" sesebediswa beha kenya mefuta e meng (maemo) ya parallelism tlholeho mosebetsing oa ho elaborate:

• mathata concurrency ka multicomputer mehahong;
• Concurrency taolo phallang ka memoring ya ba ile ba kopanela;
• vector parallelism.

E lumellana le x86 mehaho

Ka ho ya ka ditlhoko tsa motheo ka mehaho, ke jwa qalong nkoa fana sebetsang hantle binary sebeletsana le 'muso o hlaheletseng Intel x86 microprocessor mehaho. E kenngwa tshebetsong ka lebaka la le patiloeng matla phetolelo le tšehetso thepa lona microprocessor "Elbrus". E boetse e rerang ka thepa ea mehaho e ncha e ruuoang ke tsoelo-pele ea hardware tšehetso sa tšireletso dikhomphiutha (mananeo mojulung ona), haholo ntsetso-peleng ea mosebetsi oa ho ba mananeo a ho bōpa tsamaiso ea kgolo Software le deadlines fokolang.

kopo e sebetsang

Moo e rerile ho sebelisa processors Russia? E lokela ho utloisisa hore sehlahisoa sena e reretsoe le morero o le mong feela - ho fana ka ho khotsofala, ikemetseng tsa phepelo le dilaesense ea microelectronics le theknoloji ea k'homphieutha. Lik'homphieutha ka "Elbrus" lab ka boemo bo phahameng ba polokeho le sireletsa likokoana-hloko k'homphieutha batloang ho indasteri e tshireletso, ka ditshebeletso ho ya tshireletso, mekgatlo bohlokoa naha.

Ho sa le joalo, tsamaiso ea lumella Windows tloaelehileng le Linux, eo e qala ka tsela eo, haeba e se ho mosebedisi kakaretso, hore mokga khompani. MCST fana ka lik'homphieutha o ile a sireletsa le ho server, ba nang le bokhoni ba ho sebetsa ka libakeng hlabang.