Chromosome. Bao e seng homologous le homologous chromosomes.

Chromosomes - ke likarolo mehaho le tshebetso ya lisele tse batho hore e na le liphatsa tsa lefutso. Sele yuniti ya palo ya ya data khona ho pentoa ka nako ea karohano seleng. Chromosomes tse bōpehileng joaloka melamu, palesa, loops, jj .. By bolelele ba eona, likarolo tsena tse tsoakileng. Ba akarelletsa ho centromere, e leng letsoho khutšoanyane 'me nako e telele, se mahareng constriction, sathelaete, khoele spindles, chromonemata. Location ea hore karolo ea chromosome e le centromere ho, e ama tla ba efe mokgwa wa bonngoe haholo ya mola seleng. Ka ketsahalo ya hore karolo ena e teng qetellong ea karolo ea mehaho le tshebetso, ho ke ke molamu hare. Ho fumana e le karolo e kang centromere bohareng ba le phello ea hore chromosome nka sebōpeho sa lekanang-studs. Ha karolo tshwanelanang e teng laterally tloha bohareng, e elements mehaho-tshebetso fetoha mahetleng fapaneng Pin.

Ka kakaretso, ho na le mefuta e 4 ea sebopeho chromosome. The mofuta pele ke telotsentricheskie mehaho le tshebetso thepa ea motheo. Ea bobeli - acrocentric (letsoho bobeli e khutšoanyane haholo le hoo e ka bang imperceptible). The mofuta boraro ke submetacentric chromosomes, sebopeho seo ka sona e tšoana le lengolo "L". Qetellong, ea bone mofuta - metacentric. Chromosomes tsa mofuta ona ke seo ho thoeng ke mahetleng, tse lekanang ka bolelele. Ho phaella moo joalo likarolo napomminayut lengolo le ka nako e tšoanang le letšoao la tlhōlo "V".

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore e mong le ya nucleated somatic seleng ea batho e na le lipara tse mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro la chromosomes, tse guttate. Ho phaella moo, ho na le palo e khōlō ea likopi tsa mitochondrial DNA (acid e deoxyribonucleic).

Ke habohlokoa ho ba re mantsoe a seng makae ka ho kopanela liphate likarolo mehaho le tshebetso ya lisele tse batho. Ho Y- le X-chromosome. Pele e na le hoo e ka bang 58 botlaaseng lipara, 78 jarelang liphatsa tsa lefutso le ka tsela eo e na le palo e phahameng ea phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso e loketseng tikolohong eo ho eona e leng hona teng. Sena chromosome ho kopanela liphate ke khona ho fetisoa feela ka peō ea botona ka. Ba, le eena, a angoa ke ho nomoro ea tonanahali ea likarohano seleng ea etsahala nakong gametogenesis. Beha peō ea botona - e vysokookislitelnaya Laboraro otlwa makwalateng, Stimulating kholiso thulaganyou e kang mutating. The chromosome ea bobeli e na le hoo e ka bang limilione tse 150 lipara tsa makalana nitrogenous. E na le hoo e ka bang 1400 liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ba batona na X- mong le e mong Y-chromosome. Basali ba na le e fapaneng "sete". Ba na le tse peli tse X-chromosomes. E mong oa bona o tsoela ho ngoanana ea tsoang 'mè oa hae,' me e mong e se futsitseng ho 'mè oa Ntate, ke hore, nkhono oa ka lehlakoreng la ntate oa hae.

Hangata e na le lipotso mabapi le eo chromosomes ba bitsoa homologous le batho bao e seng homologous. Karabo ke e latelang. Ho joalo, ho na le homologous chromosomes. Sena para ea likarolo mehaho le tshebetso tse ka seleng diploid phase. chromosomes homologous fapana ka hore e mong le ba bona ba ne ba ea ka e mong le ho tloha motsoali e mong. likarolo joalo ba le tšoanang nucleotide tatelano fetang bolelele kaofela. Sena se bolela hore chromosomes homologous na le liphatsa tsa lefutso e tšoanang, tse lokisetsa ka tatelano tšoanang. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho ithuta lihlooho tse hase feela e thahasellisang, empa hape le thuso haholo bophelong, ka lebaka la 'mele oa hae molemo ho tseba ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.

E lokela ho a phaella ka ho chromosomes homologous kamehla ba na le mofuta o tšoanang. Mohlala, ba ka tselotsentricheskimi, submetacentric, acrocentric, metacentric. chromosomes bao e seng homologous na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse dissimilar. Ho phaella moo, tsena structurally se conjugated likarolo tshebetso nakong meiosis. chromosomes bao e seng homologous nosi phetha kopantseng ka seleng. Sena se ile sa proven nakong ea thuto ea lefa la litšobotsi tse. Hape, boitsebiso bona bo ile fumanoa ka mokhoa o tobileng cytology.

lintlha tse thathamisitsoeng ka holimo ho tla u thusa ho ba le kutloisiso ea motheo ea chromosomes ka kakaretso.