Bifurcation ntlha - phetoho ka tsitsitseng boemo opereishene ea tsamaiso

Morao-rao tsa saense le ratoa le feela lingoliloeng ratoang hangata e sebelisa mantsoe a reng "synergy", "pherekano khopolo" le "bifurcation ntlha". Sena mokhoa o mocha oa ho sebelisa khopolo populist ea litsamaiso rarahaneng hangata ho ka nkang sebaka sa moelelo tlhaloganyong le a moelelo oa litlhaloso ka. Leka hore ke se botekgeniki le ferekanyang, empa a sa ntse haufi le thahasello ea saense ea 'mali ho hlakisa se boleloang ke le hantle likhopolo tsena.

Saense le tsamaiso ea ho intša ho hlophisa

ho ruta Interdisciplinary, hlahloba dipaterone tsamaiso ea rarahaneng tsa mofuta ofe kapa ofe - e synergy. bifurcation ntlha joaloka ho reteleha ntlha kapa nakong ea kgetho - khopolo ea bohlokoa hore thuto ea ho tsamaiso ea rarahaneng. Synergetic tsamaiso ea rarahaneng akarelletsa khopolo ea pepeneneng (phapanyetsano ya ntho, matla lesedi tikoloho) ya nonlinearity (ho ba teng ha ka plurality tsa litsela) dissipative (reset tlhokeho ea melao feteletseng) le fana ka boemo ba bifurcation (khetha kapa maqakabetsi ntlha). khopolo Synergetic sebetsa ho tsamaiso ea tsohle moo ho na le mantsoe a tsoanang le botsoalle liphetoho, evolving ka nako - likokoana-hloko, ea sechaba, ea moruo, a 'mele.

tonki Buridan

E Tloaelehileng mokhoa - hlalosa mehlala e bonolo rarahaneng. Classic lipapiso e hlalosang boemo ba tsamaiso ea, atamela ntlha ya bifurcation, ke mohlala oa ho tsebahalang mabaka XIV lekholong la lilemo la Jean Buridan esele, mong'a hae le bo-rafilosofi. mathata a lekgetlo la ntlha ba. Ke taba ea ho etsa khetho - mangata tse peli tsa furu. Ho na le tsamaiso e bulehileng - esele, eo e leng ka hole se tšoanang ho tloha bobeli haystacks ena. Bashebelli - mong'a esele, 'me e le rafilosofi. Potso - ea mofuta ofe e armful ya furu khetha esele? Ka Buridan ka bona papisong ea letsatsi batho ba bararo ba ho shebella esele tse neng li ke etsa khetho, hafeela mong'a ha beha hammoho qubu. 'Me ha ho e mong o ile a bolaoa ke tlala.

bifurcation ya kgopolo ya tšoarang boemo joaloka eo. Qetellong ea papiso ena e e lea ka la boleloa, re tla tsepamisa maikutlo ka boemo ba ho etsa khetho pakeng tsa lintho equilibrium. Mothating ona, phetoho leha e le efe e ka etsang hore battlefield e ikutloeleng le boemo bo sa e 'ngoe ea lintho (ho etsa mohlala, esele o ile a robala, tsoha, ba tsoa ho ea ba haufi le e mong oa e be liqubu tsa furu). The synergy ea esele - e rarahaneng bulehileng tsamaiso. bifurcation ntlha - boemong ba ho equilibrium esele pele moralo. Ho fetola boemo - perturbation (fluctuation) ea tsamaiso. A haystacks tse peli - attractors, puso eo ho eona tsamaiso e khopo bo tla tla ka mora temana ya ntlha bifurcation le fihla equilibrium ncha.

Tse tharo tsa motheo bifurcation ntlha

System Status atamela bifurcation ntlha, e tšoauoa ka dikarolo tse tharo tsa motheo: a fracture, tlhopho le ntaela. Pele ntlha bifurcation tsamaiso o hlola ka ho ka attractor le (thepa bontšang botsitso ea tsamaiso). Ka ntlha bifurcation tsamaiso e tšoauoa ka liphetoho (meferefere, liphetoho entsprechen) tse bakang ya boleng le ditirisanommogo phetoho botsoalle tsamaisong ea ka kgetho ya e attractor e ncha, kapa fetoheng molaong le lecha boemo tsitsitseng. The multiplicity tsa attractors khoneha le karolo e khōlō ea monyetla bulehileng mnogovariativnost mokgatlo.

Lipalo hlalosang bifurcation ntlha le mekhahlelo e lona e ntse e feta tsamaisong e rarahaneng ea ditekanyo differential le sete ya ditekanyetso le liphetoho.

Tsejoa esale pele bifurcation ntlha

Ena puso ea tsamaiso ea ho khetha, ka le mateano a litsela, e le makhatheng a ho fapoha ya kgetho tse ngata le dikgetho bakeng sa ntshetsopele. The tšoaneng pakeng tsa bifurcations le guttate oona tsamaisong boitšoaro ba e ka tsejoang esale pele, 'me e laolwang ke lintlha tšohanyetso le mekhoa. Empa ka ntlha bifurcation karolo ea randomness tsoa ka holimo, le fluctuation nyenyane ka "input" e khōlō ea "khumo". Ka lintlha tse bifurcation ea boitšoaro tsamaiso ke tsejoa esale pele, 'me le kotsi efe kapa efe e tla re susumelletsa ho e attractor ncha. Ho joaloka papali gago ka ba tsoela pele - ka mor'a hore a na le e ngata ya dikgetho bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea liketsahalo.

Eya nepahetseng - pere tla lahleheloa ke ...

Le mateano a litsela Road ka lipale Russia gospel - setšoantšo khanyang haholo ka tlhopho ya e sa tsejoeng le boemo morago ga moo e ea tsamaiso. Ha re ntse re atamela bifurcation ntlha tsamaiso e khopo joaloka fluctuates, le fluctuation nyenyane ka ho fetisisa ho ka etsa hore le mokhatlo e ncha ka ho feletseng ho odara ka fluctuation. 'Me ka ntlha ena ho noha fracture khonehe oona tsamaisong khetho. Sena ke moo synergy bakang tse nyenyane haholo fa phahama liphello tse khōlō, ho bula khotso boitjarong ba litsamaiso tsohle - ho tloha bokahohle ho khetha Buridan esele.

Phello serurubele

tsamaiso ea tluoa tabeng ea ho odara ka fluctuation, sebopeho sa e sa tsitsang ea lefatše e itšetlehileng ka liphetoho ho honyenyane ka phoso, a etsa papiso ka "phello serurubele" e bonahatsoa. Meteorologist le setsebi sa lipalo Edward Lorenz synergist (1917-2008) o ile a hlalosa tsamaiso nahanela ho liphetoho tse nyenyane. setšoantšo sena e leng oa hae, e le hore leqeba le e mong oa lepheo la serurubele ka Iowa ka etsa hore libota na mbonge ya dithulaganyo fapaneng hore matha ka nako pula Indonesia. E hlakileng setšoantšo hang-hang a nka ke bangoli, mongolo e seng bukeng ka multiplicity la liketsahalo. Popularization oa tsebo sebakeng sena - ke haholo-holo ka lebaka la mookameli Hollywood Eric Bress grossing filimi hae "The Butterfly Phello."

Bifurcations le likoluoa

Bifurcation e ka ba le bonolo 'me e thata. Ho bontšang bifurcations bonolo - le phapang e nyane tsamaisong ea mora feta ntlha bifurcation. Ha attractor na le phapang e khōlō ho ba teng ha tsamaiso ea, re ka bolela hore bifurcation ntlha - e 's le koluoa. Oa pele oa ho hlahisang joalo khopolo e le French rasaense Rene Federico Tom (1923-2002). Ke eena mongoli le tlokotsi khopolo e le tsamaiso ea bifurcations. A sona a supileng likoluoa tsa motheo tse thahasellisang haholo mabitso: mene kopano, engole mohatla, serurubele, hyperbolic, elliptic le parabola umbilic.

synergetics dirisega

Synergetics le khopolo bifurcation e sa le joalo suthetse hōle le bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi, kamoo ho ka bonahalang. Ka bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi motho e tsoela ka ya bifurcation ntlha tse makholo makhetlo motšehare. The pendulum ba re khetha - elang hloko kapa feela ho bonahalang eka elang hloko - e kamehla akga. 'Me mohlomong ho utloisisa ea dithulaganyo synergistic mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa lefatše o tla re thusa ho etsa liqeto tse ngata tsebisoa hore, ntle le ho finyella likoluoa, ka aba bifurcations nyenyane.

Kajeno, tsebo ea rōna ka saense ea motheo a tla ho fihlela boemong ba ho bifurcation. Ho sibolloa ha taba lefifi le bokhoni ba ho sebelisa e le hore a pholose moloko oa batho hoo boemo ba moo ho phetoho ka phoso kapa sibolloa ka etsa hore re boemong ba hore ke ho le thata ho noha. Thuto ea morao-rao le morolo oa ka holim'a sepakapaka, khopolo ea ho "mekoti mmutla" le sebaka ea nako e phala matlafatsa tsebo ho meeli ke keng ea lekanngoa. Re ka feela lumela hore, ho ea bifurcation ntlheng e latelang, e leng fluctuation tšohanyetso se sutumelletsa batho ka mohohlong oa nothingness.