Berm - ke karolo ea bohlokoa ka kaho ea litsela tse kapa le kanaleng efe kapa efe

mefuta e fapaneng ya kaho tseleng, sebetsang ka ka sekoting bulehileng, hammoho le ho haha mehaho ea sesole hloka ho sebelisa mekhoa e itseng mobu tlosa thepa. Ho naha feteletseng e sa a helehang tlas'a boima ba lona, sebelisa berm.

Ke seo berm?

Le ngoana, bana ba bangata ba rata ho bapala ka sandbox e, kharafu cheka mekoti e le diphae tse dingwe di a mohaho oa seretse. Kamoo meokho e mengata le ho ithaburanya bone masoba ana tšoanang ha bana ba bang tlala tshisinyo bona tšohanyetso.

Engineering ka kaho ea liforo tebileng le quarries, liqhomane tsa fatše e akarelletsa ho tlosoa ha litšila le reketle 'me naha feteletseng ka tsela e khethehileng. Berm - sethala naha eo e amahanya ka bohale e ka tlaase ea letsoapong ka holimo le ka bohale ka holimo ea phomotse lefatše.

Jwalo mobu tlosa mokhoa etsa ho ka khoneha ho e seng feela ho ntlafatsa polokeho ya basebeletsi sebetsa, empa hape le ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa ho lipalangoang tsa mafika ka quarries le merafong.

mefuta efe ya berms ba moo?

Ho itšetlehile ka hore na tšimo berm e sebediswa, e ka aroloa ka mefuta e 'maloa:

• Safety berm. Ena ke tsela ea ho sireletsa botsitso ha marako a ka sekoting bulehileng kapa ho tswa ho ba thellisoe ke makaka mafika generated fatše leralla. bophara ba eona e ke lekanang le 1/3 e phahameng ea sekoting. Joalo boleng a etsa hore ho be bonolo feela ho fallela ho tsamaisa lefika sebetsa rekisetsa mafatse, empa hape o sebeletsa ho hloekisa le tseleng a tloha likarolo tse crumbled.
• Lipalangoang berm. mokhoa ona oa ho haha railroads, litsela tse kholo, 'me joalo-joalo. E., Moo ba kena e sebediswa platforms liforo le ledges (cuvette).
• Safety berm. mokhoa ona oa ho ho sireletsa beha dintho tse beha tse fapa-fapaneng tse chefo, chang kapa ho phatloha ya dintho.
• Berms sebelisoa ho hokela le dikarolo tse fapaneng tsa dumps, e bitsoang dikgokelo.

Tshebediso ya berms

Haeba u delve ka histori, ho tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa koari ea hore berms sebelisoa ke Morena Solomone Mines. tlhahiso ea daemane e ile a khanna ka tsela e tšoanang e le linaheng morao-rao tsa Afrika. Thata mobu o omileng thunngoa le dikarolo, thehoa sethaleng, ho thibela ho ritsa ha seretse ho khoneha nakong ea lipula.

Basebetsi ba ne ba lokela ho ka bowena kharafu boima ba lithane tse ka letsopa le lehlabathe ho ea batla majoe a bohlokoa. E mong Lejoe joalo ka fepa lelapa la basebetsi futsanehileng lilemo tse hlano.

Metseng e meholo, batho ba bangata ba tobane le karolo ena ea sebopeho nakong ea kaho ea litsela tse ka mokgwa wa liforo. Tsohle tsa Litsela abeloa ho ba tlas'a sebaka seo o se nang lifate le lihlahla. Ho tsela e khōlō e ne e le boreleli barbotage, etsa tutulu ea limithara tse ho fihlela ho 1,5. Kahoo, metsi a le lehloa ke ke ba kena-kenana le temana ea lipalangoang.

Ha tokisetso ea Litsela lokela ho hlaka ho nahana ka bophara le bolelele ba litsela tse ncha tse ka berm tsela e tla lula sebakeng se seng bonyane 1/3 tsa bophahamo ba modumo kakaretso ea mosebetsi. Empa dikabo tsena e elwa hloko le bophahamo ba tutulu, 'me botebo ba liforo le sebelisoa ho jella metsi.

Babatsehang boenjiniere le mosebetsi oa etsoa hantle fane drainage liforo - kotsi bonyane ya peeletso khoneha kotsi nakong leholimo inclement. Pula tla lokolloa tseleng e, fokotsa phonyohe.

seporo

Ka bophelo bohle ba hae mong le e mong bonyane hang, empa ba tsamaea ka terene. Hase ba bangata ba tsebiso hore kaho ea liporo hloka boiteko bo khōlō. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore, motero, basebetsi ba hlokomele lintho tse ngata: tlelaemete, maemo a mobu, le likoluoa tsa khoneha tikolohong eo.

Roadbed, e leng e stacked ka rails le sleepers, o na le mefuta e 'maloa. E 'ngoe ke tutulu ea lehlabathe, Lejoe sithabetseng kapa lehlohlojane ho tiise. Hore berm sebediswa bakeng sa botsitso ba mohaho. Tabeng ea mojaro o boima le ho ritsa ha lefatse a tutulu ea tla sireletseha, e leng ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa mokhatlo oa sitisoe ke letho la literene.

Berm - ke karolo ea bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi. batho feela ba nang le tsebo ea boenjiniere le kaho ke lekhetlo la pele ho fumana hore na hantle moo se sebelisoa.