Arthropod liphoofolo tse nang le dinaha tsa setshwani ea 'mele: tlhaloso, litšobotsi tse

Tse ka bang peli ho ba bararo ea mefuta e sa Lefatšeng tse arthropods. Ba phela metsi a hloekileng le letsoai, ka tlas'a lefatše le le holim'a lona, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba khona ho fallela ka moeeng. Seo e tšoaeang arthropods? Mehlala ea liphoofolo, tlhaloso ea bona 'me litšobotsi tsa mohaho o tla fumana sehloohong sena.

arthropods bo-mang?

Arthropods - e mong oa lihlopha tse ngata ka ho fetisisa le tse fapa-fapaneng ka 'muso o ka liphoofolo. Sena se akarelletsa ho ba ka bang limilione tse peli dimela. palo ea tsona e eketseha selemo le selemo ka lebaka la ho sibolloa ha mefuta e mecha.

Ka arthropods lethathamo akarelletsa ho crustaceans, arachnids, likokoanyana le centipedes. Ba ahileng ka libaka klimate kaofela lefatšeng, ho tloha chesang e mongobo chesang, ho fihlela ho ea libakeng tsa Arctic le Antarctic. Baemeli ba sehlopha sena phela mahoatateng, meru, mekhoabong, matangoana le lintho tse phelang tikolohong tse ling. Ba bang ba bona ba ikutloe ba phutholohile le malapeng a batho.

Kaha arthropods phela ka hoo e batlang e libakeng tsohle le libaka tsa polanete ea rōna, ponahalo ea tsona e le ho tlwaetsa ho maemo a tikoloho tse fapaneng haholo. boholo bo bona Range ho tloha millimeters ho limithara tse 'maloa. Mekhoa ea ho lijo hape fapana haholo. Mefuta e meng ke feela e jang nama, batho ba bang, ho fapana le hoo, phytophage. Ba ka 'na boela ho be le likokoana-hloko necrophagia (scavengers) kapa filtrates.

Se tloaelehileng har'a arthropod?

Ba fapane hakaale hore hlaha potso: na ke hobane'ng ha ba ba tlang ho ya ka sehlopha se tšoanang? Ha e le hantle, arthropods le liphoofolo li tšoana. 'mele ea bona' me maoto le matsoho a segmented le arotsoe ka mafapha (Tagme), kapa likarolo. Ke hobane'ng ha lebitso la le.

Ka mefuta e mengata ea hlooho le mafapha a 'maloa a di ne tsa kopanngwa ka' ngoe, eaba ba etsa le cephalothorax. maoto le matsoho ho atolosa ho tswa lehlakoreng e ka tlaase ea mpa kapa cephalothorax. Ba hema matšoafo trachea kapa gills. Tsamaiso ea ho potoloha ha mali hase koetsoeng le tsoela ka cavity mele. Ba ikatisa rala mahe a, kapa caviar. Larvae atisa ho fapana le tseo batho ba baholo.

Arthropods - liphoofolo tse nang le dinaha tsa setshwani. Kwa, le letona 'me le letšehali dihalofo tsa' mele ea bona sheba e tšoanang. Kaofela ha bona ba na le masapo kantle. Ke tšesaane empa matla cuticle tsa chitin. Ha a otlolla, kahoo le kgolo a phoofolo a resets ho hola e ncha. Sena se bitsoa moult.

mafokololi

Mohlomong e mong oa ka a sa thabiseng ho fetisisa bakeng sa lihlopha arthropod phoofolo batho - centipedes. Tsena li akarelletsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea centipedes, ho tloaelehile hore batho flycatcher, drupes, millipede, 'me joalo-joalo. D. Ka kakaretso, ba ile ba ba tse nyenyane (ho fihlela ho 10 cm), empa mefuta e meng hōla ho disentimetara 35 ka bolelele.

lebitso la bona e le lebaka le utloahalang ka ho feletseng, hobane ka mafokololi ka linako tse ling ho fihlela ho lipara tse makholo a mabeli tsa maoto le matsoho. Ba khetha libaka tse mongobo 'me ba phela merung tlas'a makhapetla ea lifate, tlas'a boriba le, majoe a le makala a oele, empa ba tla phela ka ho omileng, libakeng tse omeletseng. Hohela ba le matloana flats.

Nakong ea letsatsi le liphoofolo li pata ka dikgutlwana le bosiu tsoa ho tsoma. Mafokololi - jang nama. Ba ja lintsintsi, maphele, likho, fleas le liphoofolo tse ling tse nyenyane. Felloa kotsi, ba ile ba ba e oele ka lesale, 'me ka litsoelesa morao secrete chefo kapa Keneleng tsa bahanyetsi dintho: iodine litareng e, quinone le asiti hydrocyanic. Bakeng sa batho le liphoofolo tse ruuoang mahloko a bona ha aa kotsi, haeba e se alejiki, ho ke ke feela e le redness hanyenyane ntse ho tloha loma ena.

Arachnids

Arachnids sehlopha sa koahela likho e seng feela, empa hape na liboseleise ka solpug, liphepheng, zhgutikonogov, pseudoscorpions le sa t. D. Boholo ba litho tsa eona phela naha, le hoja mefuta e meng ea likho le mites phela ka 'mele metsi a mangata. Ba li tloaelehile libakeng tsohle tsa lefatše ntle Antarctica. Liphepheng ahileng sebakeng le e boemo ba leholimo mofuthu kapa chesang. Ba bang ba likho le mites phela esita le libakeng Polar le subpolar.

Boholo ba sekho sa fihle tse makholo microns (ba bang ba mites) ho 20-30 di emetse disentimitara (liphepheng, solpugi, tarantulas). 'mele ea bona e arotsoe cephalothorax le mpeng. Di tšoauoa ke boteng ba nogoschupalets (pedipal), mehlahare molomo (chelicerae) le lipara tse 'nè tsa maoto a.

Ka liphepheng le karolo ea bobeli ea 'mele e molelele le tšoana le mohatla. Qetellong ba "mohatla" ke karolo e nyenyane ea nale ea. Ho ntša lintho tse chefo. pedipaly bona ba atolosa le phetha karolo ea manala a eona hapa phofu.

Feela Sekho, le mefuta e itseng ea mites fepa ka dimela. Ba bang kaofela ba sekho sa - jang nama. Ba ja likokoanyana le liphoofolo tse nyenyane. Ba bang ba setsomi se tšoase phoofolo bona, stalking hae, ba bang ba haha lifi ka mokgwa wa ho web ka.

Ba nyotobetsa le loma phofu, kahoo hoo e ka bang tsohle tse chefo. Ha chefo tsohle tse matla ka ho lekaneng ho ama batho. Kotsi ba ho longoa ke bahlolohali ntšo, argiop, tarantulas, likho tse tšeletseng-lehlabathe.

likokoanyana

Likokoanyana - sehlopha sa tse ngata ka ho fetisisa arthropods, liphoofolo le dinaha tsa 'mele setshwani. Bula mefuta e fetang milione. Ena ke mefuta eohle ea maleshoane le lirurubele, lintsintsi, bohloa, bohloa, maphele, tšoele, marutle, 'me joalo-joalo. D.

The tšobotsi e ka sehloohong ea likokoanyana tse ngata e le bapisoa le liphoofolo tse ling arthropod ke bokhoni ba ho fofa. Dragonflies le ba bang ba lintsintsi lebelo ho fihlela ho limithara tse 15 ka bobeli. Tseo likokoanyana tse mapheo ha ba matha ho pota kapa tlōla re fallele (fleas, marutle).

Ba phela libakeng tse sa tšoaneng ka ho feletseng, esita le ka metsing. Ba bang ba phela ho na le bophelo bohle ba hae (maleshoane qoela, maleshoane whirligig, ditsitsiri, striders metsi), batho ba bang - feela e le nako e itseng ka ntshetsopele ya (dragonflies, caddisflies, pennywort). maoto le matsoho a bona a fetotsoeng e le hore a lumella phoofolo ho ka bolokolohi Slide hammoho holim 'a metsi.

Likokoanyana phela singly kapa lihlopha. Ba fepa ka bobeli limela le liphoofolo lijo, lintho tse shoeleng le liphoofolo litšila ntse. Ho ea batla lijo ka hlōla tse makholo km ka letsatsi (litsie).

likokoanyana tsa sechaba li ka kopanngoa ka lihlopha tse khōlō, eo ho eona e sebetsa ka sehlopha se busang e hlakileng le karohano ea mesebetsi. Mohlala, ba phela bohloa, linotši, bohloa, linotši.

crustaceans

crustaceans Group koahela tse fetang 70 000 mefuta e, har'a oona ho na le crayfish, makhala, shrimp, lobsters le liphoofolo tse ling. Boholo ba bona ba lule ho metsi a hloekileng le letsoai. Woodlice le ba bang ba makhala khetha libakeng tse mongobo naha.

crustaceans kaofela ba na le lipara tse peli ya antennae (manakana a sa le antennule) le maoto le matsoho a bona ka lipheletso bifurcated. Ba hema bogolosegolo gills. Bakeng sa ba bang ba baemeli ba phapanyetsano khase le hlaha ka mose ho holim 'a' mele. Barnacles le acorns leoatle tse immobile phelang ka eona, e ntse e khomaretse le mafikeng, mafika le bokaholimo tse ling.

Ke mofuta wa matla a, crustaceans tse ngata - filtrates. Ba ja lintho tse nyenyane, tse kang plankton, detritus. Ho phaella moo, ho ja liphoofolo tse shoeleng, tlosa matangoana. Shellfish ho bona ka bobona ba lijo tsa litlhapi le liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing.

Monna o boetse o sebelisa ba bakeng sa lijo. Dinaheng tse leng haufi le leoatle, morue nka kopanela ka kgolo ya ea ho tsoasa litlhapi le. barnacle A e nkoa e mong oa limenyemenye theko e phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara.